tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-46471557726936158562024-03-08T07:05:13.213-08:00AlibataUnknownnoreply@blogger.comBlogger1125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4647155772693615856.post-86658851909006615282008-01-29T08:39:00.001-08:002008-01-29T08:39:47.068-08:00TranslationTranslation is the interpretation of the meaning of a text in one language (the "source text") and the production, in another language (the "target language"), of an equivalent text (the "target text," or "translation") that communicates the same message.<br /><br />Translation must take into account constraints that include context, the rules of grammar of the two languages, their writing conventions, and their idioms.<br /><br />Traditionally translation has been a human activity, though attempts have been made to computerize or otherwise automate the translation of natural-language texts (machine translation) or to use computers as an aid to translation (computer-assisted translation).<br /><br />Perhaps the most common misconception about translation is that there exists a simple "word-for-word" correspondence between any two languages, and that translation is therefore a straightforward mechanical process. On the contrary, every language is a historically-evolved self-contained system, and historically-determined differences between languages may dictate differences of expression.<br /><br />Interpreting, or "interpretation," is the intellectual activity that consists of facilitating oral or sign-language communication, either simultaneously or consecutively, between two or among three or more speakers who are not speaking, or signing, the same language.<br /><br />The words "interpreting" and "interpretation" both can be used to refer to this activity; the word "interpreting" is commonly used in the profession and in the translation-studies field to avoid confusion with other meanings of the word "interpretation."<br /><br />Not all languages employ, as English does, two separate words to denote the activities of written and live-communication (oral or sign-language) translators.<br /><br />If one text is a translation of another, a back-translation is a translation of the translated text back into the language of the original text, made without reference to the original text. In the context of machine translation, this is also called a "round-trip translation."<br /><br />Comparison of a back-translation to the original text is sometimes used as a quality check on the original translation, but it is certainly far from infallible and the reliability of this technique has been disputed.Unknownnoreply@blogger.com